"use strict"; const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = { a: "a", blockquote: "blockquote", br: "br", code: "code", em: "em", h1: "h1", h2: "h2", h3: "h3", h4: "h4", hr: "hr", img: "img", li: "li", p: "p", path: "path", pre: "pre", span: "span", strong: "strong", svg: "svg", ul: "ul", ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsxs(_components.h1, { id: "加载数据", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#加载数据", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "加载数据"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "向R语言中导入数据，然后进行分析，是一般的数据处理流程；这些数据包括 csv ，txt，tsv等。" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "csvfiles", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#csvfiles", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: ".csv" }), " files"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["导入csv方法很多，但这里使用 ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://github.com/r-lib/vroom", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "vroom" }), " package来完成。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "下载，调用包可以使用：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["install.packages", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"tidyverse\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " dependencies ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " T", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "若从github中下载：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["install.packages", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"devtools\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# 先安装devtools" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"devtools\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# 调用" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["install_github", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"r-lib/vroom\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "完成后调用" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "vroom", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# if you are using MacOS then the file path will be with “`/`”, if you are using windows then they will need to be “`\\`”" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["wad_dat ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " vroom", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"C:\\Study\\Biology\\Bristol\\rain.csv\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# or import from github raw data " }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["covid ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " vroom", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chrit88/Bioinformatics_data/master/Workshop%203/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Note：读取多文件，使用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "vroom::vroom()" }), "，见", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://bookdown.org/zyf19940501/Rbook/data-vroom.html", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "文档" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "rdata-files", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#rdata-files", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: ".RData" }), " files"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["RData直接使用", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "load ()" }), "函数加载到 R 中，其方式与. csv 文件非常相似；\n但其缺点是不能在其他程序中打开它（如csv 文件可以在 Excel 中打开并查看）。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "##load in some RData" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["load", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"my_data\\pathway\\my_data.RData\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h1, { id: "写出数据", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#写出数据", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "写出数据"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["导出", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: ".csv" }), "文件也可以通过", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "vroom" }), "："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "##write out a .csv file" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["vroom_write", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "my_data", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"a pathway\\a data folder\\the_name_of_my_data.csv\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["若是", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: ".RData" }), "文件，使用", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "save" }), "："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["save", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "my_data", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " file ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"a pathway\\a data folder\\the_name_of_my_RData.RData\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h1, { id: "数据处理", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#数据处理", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "数据处理"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "安装tidyverse", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#安装tidyverse", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "安装Tidyverse："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["install.packages", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"tidyverse\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " dependencies ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " T", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "tidyverse", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["── Attaching packages ──────────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".2" }), " ──\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["✔ ggplot2 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".6" }), " ✔ purrr ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".4" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["✔ tibble ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".8" }), " ✔ dplyr ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.0" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".10" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["✔ tidyr ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".1" }), " ✔ stringr ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".1" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["✔ readr ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2.1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".2" }), " ✔ forcats ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.5" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: ".2" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["── Conflicts ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ──\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["✖ dplyr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "::" }), "filter", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " masks stats", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "::" }), "filter", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["✖ dplyr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "::" }), "lag", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " masks stats", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "::" }), "lag", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["tidyverse包的不同之处在于它使用管道（pipeline）- 一种将一系列函数链接在一起的一种方式。\npipeline函数为：", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "%>%" }), "\n类似与Linux 上的管道符 “|”"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# Useage:" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["my_data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), " function_1", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), " function_2", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# Example:" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["iris ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), " head", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "n ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5.1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.4" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.2" }), " setosa\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4.9" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.4" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.2" }), " setosa\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "datatable", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#datatable", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "data.table"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["快速，且能处理“大” 数据 (over 10GB)", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4648920de4fcfb97c0249f7d0b4e0183.png", alt: "data|650", className: "internal" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["see ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://blog.csdn.net/Nh_code/article/details/125650578", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "blog." })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "数据总览", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#数据总览", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "数据总览"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["首先了解", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "tibble" }), " - 它是一种简单数据框，相对于传统的 data.frame 做出了一些修改。tibble包是 tidyverse 的核心 R包之一。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["tibble 类型的类属依次为 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "spec_tbl_df" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "tbl_df" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "tbl" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "data.frame" }), "："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "tidyverse", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["class", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"spec_tbl_df\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"tbl_df\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"tbl\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"data.frame\"" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "##change the first two names of our data frame" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["names", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " c", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"Province.State\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"Country.Region\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "covid\n" })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["可以使用", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Hmisc" }), "包中的", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "describe()" }), "来获得数据的summary："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Hmisc", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["describe", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid_dat", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "`", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "/" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "22" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "/" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "20" }), "`", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["covid_dat", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "`", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "/" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "22" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "/" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "20" }), "` \n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " n missing distinct Info Mean Gmd \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "266" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.011" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.06391" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.1278" }), " \n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Value ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "17" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Frequency ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "265" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Proportion ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.996" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.004" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "数据重塑", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#数据重塑", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "数据重塑"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "rename", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#rename", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Rename"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["names", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid_dat", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token 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" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), " Algeria ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "28.0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.66" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), " Andorra ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "42.5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.52" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# ... with 168 more variables: `1/30/20` , `1/31/20` , `02/01/2020` ," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# `02/02/2020` , `02/03/2020` , `02/04/2020` , `02/05/2020` ," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# `02/06/2020` , `02/07/2020` , `02/08/2020` , `02/09/2020` ," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# `02/10/2020` , `02/11/2020` , `02/12/2020` , `2/13/20` ," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# `2/14/20` , `2/15/20` , `2/16/20` , `2/17/20` , `2/18/20` ," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# `2/19/20` , `2/20/20` , `2/21/20` , `2/22/20` , `2/23/20` ," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# `2/24/20` , `2/25/20` , `2/26/20` , `2/27/20` , `2/28/20` , ..." }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# i Use `colnames()` to see all variable names" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "理解pivot_", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#理解pivot_", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "理解", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "pivot_" })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gadenbuie/tidyexplain/main/images/static/png/original-dfs-tidy.png", alt: "Wide and long|400", className: "internal" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# so this says take our data frame called covid_dat" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["covid_long ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " covid_dat ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "##and then apply this function" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" pivot_longer", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "cols ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "c", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Province.State", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), "Long", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" names_to ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"Date\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" values_to ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"Deaths\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["head", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid_long", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "其中，%>% 这个符号叫pipe，意思是把数据传递到后续的code中" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["covid_long ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" pivot_wider", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "names_from ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " Date", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" values_from ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " Deaths", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["head", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "unique", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid_long", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Date", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "20" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["covid_long", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Date ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " mdy", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid_long", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Date", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["covid_long", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Date ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " format", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid_long", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Date", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"%d-%m-%Y\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["head", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "covid_long", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Date", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "20" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "filter---筛选", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#filter---筛选", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Filter - 筛选"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["下载 ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://github.com/gshs-ornl/wbstats", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "wbstats" }), " 包，调用，打开数据："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "wbstats", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "tidyverse", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["pop_data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " wb_data", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "indicator ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"SP.POP.TOTL\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" start_date ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2002" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" end_date ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2020" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["pop_data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " as_tibble", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "pop_data", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# change into tibble form" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Filter the data to include data from the year 2020 only:" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["pop_2020 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " pop_data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" filter", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "date ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2020" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## # A tibble: 217 × 9" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## iso2c iso3c country date SP.PO…¹ unit obs_s…² footn…³ last_upd…⁴" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## " }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 1 AF AFG Afghanistan 2020 3.89e7 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 2 AL ALB Albania 2020 2.84e6 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 3 DZ DZA Algeria 2020 4.39e7 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 4 AS ASM American Samoa 2020 5.52e4 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 5 AD AND Andorra 2020 7.73e4 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 6 AO AGO Angola 2020 3.29e7 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 7 AG ATG Antigua and Barbu… 2020 9.79e4 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 8 AR ARG Argentina 2020 4.54e7 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 9 AM ARM Armenia 2020 2.96e6 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## 10 AW ABW Aruba 2020 1.07e5 2022-09-16" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## # … with 207 more rows, and abbreviated variable names ¹SP.POP.TOTL," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "## # ²obs_status, ³footnote, ⁴last_updated" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "summarize---总结", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#summarize---总结", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Summarize - 总结"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["iris ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" summarize", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "mean", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Sepal.Width", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" mean", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Sepal.Width", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.057333" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# summarize是一个function，自己没有实际意义，它做什么，取决于summarize括号中放什么function；mean(Sepal.Width) 用来计算sepal.width的平均数" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# 等效于mean(iris$Sepal.Length)" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Note：可以指定名称，使用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "summarize(\"name\" = function())" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "group_by---分组", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#group_by---分组", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Group_by - 分组"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["iris ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" group_by", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "group_by 当中可以调填入任何的categorical variable，他的作用是根据category，把数据分为小组。如果仅仅使用group_by，实际上没有什么作用，他需要和别人连用才可以。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["iris ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" group_by", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" summarize", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "mean", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Sepal.Width", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 3 × 2" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" Species `mean", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Sepal.Width", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "`\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "fct", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " setosa ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.43" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " versicolor ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2.77" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " virginica ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2.97" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "可以看到，sepal.width根据三种species分好了组然后输出了平均值。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "同时，可以用summarize输出多个结果：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["iris ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" group_by", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" summarize", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "avg.sw ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " mean", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Sepal.Width", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["\t\t\tsd.sw ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " sd", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Sepal.Width", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["\t\t\tmax.sw ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " max", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Sepal.Width", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["\t\t\t", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 3 x 4" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " Species avg.sw sd.sw max.sw\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "fct", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " setosa ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.43" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.379" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4.4" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " versicolor ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2.77" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.314" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.4" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " virginica ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2.97" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.322" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.8" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "join---连接", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#join---连接", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Join - 连接"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "a-内连接-inner_join", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#a-内连接-inner_join", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "a. 内连接 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "inner_join" })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "内连接是最简单的一种连接，只要两个观测的键是相等的，即可匹配。" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["x ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " tribble", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), "key", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), "val_x", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"x1\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"x2\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"x3\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["y ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " tribble", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), "key", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), "val_y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"y1\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"y2\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"y3\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["x ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" inner_join", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " by ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"key\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 2 x 3" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " key val_x val_y\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " x1 y1 \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " x2 y2\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://Cafwell.github.io/picx-images-hosting/Coding/join-inner.png", alt: "join-inner|550", className: "internal" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "b-外连接", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#b-外连接", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "b. 外连接"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["外连接则保留", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "至少存在于一个表中" }), "的观测。有 3 种类型："] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["左连接 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "left_join" }), "：保留 x 中的所有观测。", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://Cafwell.github.io/picx-images-hosting/Coding/join-left.png", alt: "join-left|550", className: "internal" })] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["x ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["left_join", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " by ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"key\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 3 x 3" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " key val_x val_y\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " x1 y1 \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " x2 y2 \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " x3 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " \n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["右连接 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "right_join" }), "：保留 y 中的所有观测；", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://Cafwell.github.io/picx-images-hosting/Coding/join-right.png", alt: "join-right|550", className: "internal" })] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["x ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["right_join", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " by ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"key\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 3 x 3" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " key val_x val_y\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " x1 y1 \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " x2 y2 \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " y3 \n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["全连接 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "full_join" }), "：保留 x 和 y 中的所有观测。", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://Cafwell.github.io/picx-images-hosting/Coding/join-full.png", alt: "join-full|550", className: "internal" })] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["x ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["full_join", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " by ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"key\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 4 x 3" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " key val_x val_y\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " x1 y1 \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " x2 y2 \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " x3 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " y3 \n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["以韦恩图 (Venn diagram)表示如下：", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://Cafwell.github.io/picx-images-hosting/Coding/join-venn.png", alt: "join-venn|400", className: "internal" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "nest嵌套和嵌套还原", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#nest嵌套和嵌套还原", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "nest嵌套和嵌套还原"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["tidyr（tidyverse中的包）提供了 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "nest" }), " 和 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "unnest" }), " 函数，嵌套函数指的是将指定列的对应元素‘折叠’为 list，缩小原有数据框的大小。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["iris ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), " nest", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 3 × 2" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " Species data \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "fct", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "list", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " setosa ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "tibble ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "50" }), " × ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " versicolor ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "tibble ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "50" }), " × ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " virginica ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "tibble ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "50" }), " × ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["对数据框用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "group_by" }), " 分组后调用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "nest" }), " 函数就可以生成每个组的子数据框。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["iris ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), " group_by", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), " nest", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 3 × 2" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# Groups: Species [3]" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " Species data \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "fct", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "list", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " setosa ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "tibble ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "50" }), " × ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " versicolor ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "tibble ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "50" }), " × ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " virginica ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "tibble ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "50" }), " × ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "mutate", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#mutate", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "mutate"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["可以用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "mutate" }), " 保存为新的列表类型的列，如果结果是数值型标量也可以保存为普通的数据框列。", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://Cafwell.github.io/picx-images-hosting/Coding/mutate.jpg", alt: "mutate|400", className: "internal" })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "上图中我们是要创建一个名为 new_variable 的新变量。分配给 new_variable 的值为 existing_var 乘以 2 的值。" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.blockquote, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "这个函数只能用于数据框，不能在列表，矩阵，向量或其他数据结构中使用。" }), "\n"] })] }); } function MDXContent(props = {}) { const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = { ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, { ...props, children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, { ...props }) }) : _createMdxContent(props); } return { default: MDXContent };