"use strict"; const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = { a: "a", annotation: "annotation", blockquote: "blockquote", br: "br", code: "code", del: "del", h1: "h1", h2: "h2", h3: "h3", img: "img", li: "li", math: "math", mfrac: "mfrac", mi: "mi", mn: "mn", mo: "mo", mover: "mover", mrow: "mrow", mstyle: "mstyle", msub: "msub", msubsup: "msubsup", msup: "msup", mtable: "mtable", mtd: "mtd", mtext: "mtext", mtr: "mtr", ol: "ol", p: "p", path: "path", pre: "pre", semantics: "semantics", span: "span", strong: "strong", svg: "svg", ul: "ul", ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsxs(_components.h1, { id: "线性回归模型诊断", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#线性回归模型诊断", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "线性回归模型诊断"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "检查模型是否可靠", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#检查模型是否可靠", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "检查模型是否可靠"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["线性回归的 ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "LINE" }), " 假设:\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://dg-of-obsidain-cafwell.flowershow.me/LINE.png", alt: "LINE", className: "internal new", "data-fs-width": "450" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Shown in one picture will be like:\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://github.com/Cafwell/picx-images-hosting/raw/master/Coding/LINE_illustrated.png", alt: "LINE_illustrated|500", className: "internal" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "误差", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#误差", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "误差"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["由于误差要符合正态分布，实际中使用残差来估计误差并检验！\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "ε" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "i" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mover, { accent: "true", children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "^" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "i" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "i" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "{\\hat \\varepsilon _i} = {\\hat y_i} - {y_i}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.8444em", verticalAlign: "-0.15em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6944em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "ε" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.1667em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3117em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "0em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "i" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.8889em", verticalAlign: "-0.1944em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord accent", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6944em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "accent-body", style: { left: "-0.1944em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: "^" }) })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1944em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3117em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "i" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mbin", children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2222em" } })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.625em", verticalAlign: "-0.1944em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3117em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "i" }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }) })] })] })] }), "\n即："] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "均值为0 - 残差均匀分布在0的两侧" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "正态分布 - qqplot" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "同分布（方差相同）" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.del, { children: "独立性（但一般不检验）" }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "r可视化检验", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#r可视化检验", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "R可视化检验"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["mod ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " lm", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "formula ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " mpg ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), " wt", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " mtcars", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# par(mfrow=c(2,2)) 四张图同时以2x2显示" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["plot", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "mod", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "残差图", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#残差图", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "残差图："] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://github.com/Cafwell/picx-images-hosting/raw/master/Data-Analysis/plot_1.png", alt: "plot_1|500", className: "internal" }), "\n均值为0的图，尽量拟合中间的虚线；", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "方差相同的图，点分布宽度相似；\n对于此图，可以表明对于15-25的范围内，误差分布比较好。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "qqplot", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#qqplot", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "QQplot"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://github.com/Cafwell/picx-images-hosting/raw/master/Data-Analysis/plot_2.png", alt: "plot_2|500", className: "internal" }), "\n数据正态的图，点分布在虚线直线上；\n对于此图，在 (-1,1)上，分布比较符合"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["或用", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "shapiro.test(mod$residuals)" })] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-auto code-highlight", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "Shapiro-Wilk normality test\n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "data: mod$residuals\n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "W = 0.94508, p-value = 0.1044 # > 0.05!!\n" })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "模型有误的处理", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#模型有误的处理", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "模型有误的处理"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "检查线性型是否有误，并考虑对变量做变换（很多非线性模型都可以通过变换转化为线性模型）" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-display", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", display: "block", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mtable, { rowspacing: "0.25em", columnalign: "center", columnspacing: "0em", children: [_jsx(_components.mtr, { children: _jsx(_components.mtd, { children: _jsx(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⇔" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "log" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⁡" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "a" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "log" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⁡" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mstyle, { mathcolor: "#cc0000", children: _jsx(_components.mtext, { children: "\\hfill" }) })] }) }) }) }), _jsx(_components.mtr, { children: _jsx(_components.mtd, { children: _jsx(_components.mstyle, { scriptlevel: "0", displaystyle: "true", children: _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⇔" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "log" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⁡" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "log" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "⁡" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.mstyle, { mathcolor: "#cc0000", children: _jsx(_components.mtext, { children: "\\hfill" }) })] }) }) }) })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\begin{gathered}\n y = k{e^{ax}} \\Leftrightarrow \\log y = ax + \\log k \\hfill \\\\\n y = {x^k} \\Leftrightarrow \\log y = k\\log x \\hfill \\\\ \n\\end{gathered} " })] }) }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "2.7591em", verticalAlign: "-1.1296em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mtable", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "col-align-c", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.6296em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.7896em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: 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children: "\\hfill" }) })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.2304em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "3em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.8991em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-3.113em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }) })] }) }) }) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "⇔" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: ["lo", _jsx(_components.span, { style: { marginRight: "0.0139em" }, children: "g" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "y" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mrel", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.2778em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0315em" }, children: "k" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mop", children: ["lo", _jsx(_components.span, { style: { marginRight: "0.0139em" }, children: "g" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mspace", style: { marginRight: "0.1667em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "x" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord text", style: { color: "#cc0000" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord", style: { color: "#cc0000" }, children: "\\hfill" }) })] })] })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "1.1296em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) }) }) })] }) })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { start: "2", children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["检查是否有离群值影响因子很大的数据点，考虑剔除（", _jsx("font", { color: "#ff0000", children: "谨慎" }), "，输错还是数据本身异常？）；简单线性回归请画图检验"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "多元线性? - 使用Leverage score (Hat values) 或者Cook's diatance" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h1, { id: "广义线性模型---generalized-linear-model", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#广义线性模型---generalized-linear-model", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "广义线性模型 - Generalized linear model"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "“广义”" }), " 一词指的是响应变量的非正态分布，换言之，广义模型包含了非正态因变量："] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "结果变量（因变量）为类别型：包括二值变量（是 / 否、通过 / 失败、存活 / 死亡）和多类别变量（优 / 良 / 可 / 差）等。" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "结果变量为计数型的（一周交通事故的数目、每日酒水消耗的数量），这类变量都是非负的有限值，它们的均值和方差通常都是相关的（而正态分布变量间则是相互独立）" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "in-r", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#in-r", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "In R"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["使用 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "glm ()" }), " 函数构建广义线性模型："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["glm", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" formula", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" family", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), "family", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "link", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "function" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" data", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), "data\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "一些常用家族:" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["family=binomial(link=\"logit\") — Response variable for two values (0 and 1)\n", _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "katex-mathml", children: _jsx(_components.math, { xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", children: _jsxs(_components.semantics, { children: [_jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "l" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "o" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "g" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "e" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.mfrac, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "π" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "−" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "π" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { stretchy: "false", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "β" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "0" })] }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "+" }), _jsxs(_components.msubsup, { children: [_jsx(_components.mo, { children: "∑" }), _jsxs(_components.mrow, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "j" }), _jsx(_components.mo, { children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.mn, { children: "1" })] }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "p" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "β" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "j" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "X" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "j" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "log_{e}(\\frac{\\pi}{1-\\pi}) = \\beta_0 + \\sum_{j=1}^{p}\\beta_{j}X_{j}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "1.1533em", verticalAlign: "-0.4033em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0197em" }, children: "l" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "o" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", style: { marginRight: "0.0359em" }, children: "g" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.1514em" }, children: _jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.55em", marginLeft: "-0.0359em", marginRight: "0.05em" }, children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "pstrut", style: { height: "2.7em" } }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mtight", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal mtight", children: "e" }) }) })] }) }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-s", children: "" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: _jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.15em" }, children: _jsx(_components.span, {}) }) })] }) })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen", children: "(" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mopen nulldelimiter" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "mfrac", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.6954em" }, children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { style: { top: "-2.655em" }, children: 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children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "β" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "j" })] }), _jsxs(_components.msub, { children: [_jsx(_components.mi, { children: "X" }), _jsx(_components.mi, { children: "j" })] })] }), _jsx(_components.annotation, { encoding: "application/x-tex", children: "\\mu_{Y} = \\beta_0 + \\sum_{j=1}^{p}\\beta_{j}X_{j}" })] }) }) }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "katex-html", "aria-hidden": "true", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "base", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "strut", style: { height: "0.625em", verticalAlign: "-0.1944em" } }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "mord", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "mord mathnormal", children: "μ" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "msupsub", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-t vlist-t2", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "vlist-r", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "vlist", style: { height: "0.3283em" }, 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className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "am ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), " wt", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " family ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " binomial", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " mtcars", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["plot", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "x ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " mtcars", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "wt", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " y ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " modlogit", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "fitted.values", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://github.com/Cafwell/picx-images-hosting/raw/master/Data-Analysis/logit.png", alt: "logit|500", className: "internal" }), "\n可以发现，y轴表示了概率，车重为3左右时，0.5的可能是是手动挡。"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "的数据from-package", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#的数据from-package", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "🐧的数据（from package）"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "palmerpenguins", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["data", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "penguins", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["head", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "penguins", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 6 × 8" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g sex year\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "fct", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "fct", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "int", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "int", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "fct", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "int", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " Adelie Torgersen ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "39.1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "18.7" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "181" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3750" }), " male ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2007" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " Adelie Torgersen ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "39.5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "17.4" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "186" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3800" }), " female ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2007" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " Adelie Torgersen ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "40.3" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "18" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "195" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3250" }), " female ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2007" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), " Adelie Torgersen ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "NA" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2007" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), " Adelie Torgersen ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "36.7" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "19.3" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "193" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3450" }), " female ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2007" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "6" }), " Adelie Torgersen ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "39.3" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "20.6" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "190" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3650" }), " male ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2007" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "绘box图：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["penguins ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ggplot", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "aes", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "x ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " y ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " flipper_length_mm", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# outlier为异常值，可以设定形状与颜色" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" geom_boxplot", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "aes", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "col ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " outlier.colour", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"red\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " outlier.shape", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "8" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# 设置数据抖动" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" geom_jitter", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "aes", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "col ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " alpha ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.5" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " shape", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "16" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " position ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " position_jitter", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " \n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# stat_summary, 可以用于添加均值点" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" stat_summary", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "fun", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"mean\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " geom", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"point\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " shape", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "10" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " size", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "6" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " color", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"black\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "+" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" theme_minimal", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://github.com/Cafwell/picx-images-hosting/raw/master/Data-Analysis/glm1.png", alt: "glm1|500", className: "internal" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "可见三组数据之间有显著性差异。" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.blockquote, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["何为显著性差异？数据之间具", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "有了显著性差异" }), "，就说明参与比对的数据", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "不是" }), "来自于", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "同一总体" }), "（Population），而是来自于具有差异的两个不同总体。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "由于是正态分布，采用上述第三种，即特殊化GLM——或者称一般的LM：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["mod_flipper ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " glm", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "flipper_length_mm ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), " species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "##specify the data" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " penguins", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "##specify the error structure" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" family ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"gaussian\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["summary", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "mod_flipper", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Call", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["glm", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "formula ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " flipper_length_mm ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), " species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " family ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"gaussian\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " penguins", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Deviance Residuals", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" Min ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), "Q Median ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), "Q Max \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "17.9536" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4.8235" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.0464" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4.8130" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "20.0464" }), " \n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Coefficients", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" Estimate Std. Error t value Pr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "|" }), "t", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "|" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Intercept", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "189.9536" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.5405" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "351.454" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2e-16" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["speciesChinstrap ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5.8699" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.9699" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "6.052" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3.79e-09" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["speciesGentoo ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "27.2333" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.8067" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "33.760" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2e-16" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Signif. codes", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ‘", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.001" }), " ‘", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.01" }), " ‘", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.05" }), " ‘.’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.1" }), " ‘ ’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Dispersion parameter ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "for" }), " gaussian family taken to be ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "44.1099" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" Null deviance", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "67427" }), " on ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "341" }), " degrees of freedom\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Residual deviance", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "14953" }), " on ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "339" }), " degrees of freedom\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " observations deleted due to missingness", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["AIC", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2270.6" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Number of Fisher Scoring iterations", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "多重比较检验", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#多重比较检验", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "多重比较检验"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "multcomp包提供了方法：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["library", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "multcomp", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# ### Tukey HSD检验，该包还可以实现Dunnett方法" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["T ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " glht", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "mod_flipper", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " mcp", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"Tukey\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["summary", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "T", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["\t Simultaneous Tests ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "for" }), " General Linear Hypotheses\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Multiple Comparisons of Means", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " Tukey Contrasts\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Fit", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " glm", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "formula ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " flipper_length_mm ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "~" }), " species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " family ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"gaussian\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" data ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " penguins", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Linear Hypotheses", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" Estimate Std. Error z value Pr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "|" }), "z", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "|" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Chinstrap ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), " Adelie ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5.8699" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.9699" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "6.052" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2.63e-09" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Gentoo ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), " Adelie ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "27.2333" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.8067" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "33.760" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1e-09" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Gentoo ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), " Chinstrap ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "21.3635" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.0036" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "21.286" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1e-09" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["Signif. codes", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0" }), " ‘", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.001" }), " ‘", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.01" }), " ‘", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "*" }), "’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.05" }), " ‘.’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.1" }), " ‘ ’ ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Adjusted p values reported ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), " single", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "step method", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["par", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "mar", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), "c", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "8" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# plot显示不完全，设置边缘空白大小，第二个值为左右宽" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["plot", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "T", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.img, { src: "https://github.com/Cafwell/picx-images-hosting/raw/master/Data-Analysis/glm2.png", alt: "glm2|500", className: "internal" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "的数据实验", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#的数据实验", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "⚾的数据（实验）"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["ball ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " vroom", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cafwell/Bioinformatics_data/master/IBT/all_groups_data.csv\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["levels", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "as.factor", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "ball", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"dark pink\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"darkblue\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"darkgreen\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"darkpink\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"green\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"lightblue\"" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"lightgreen\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"lightpink\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"orange\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"purple\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"red\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"teal\"" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "13" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"yellow\"" }), " \n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "整理：" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["ball", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "which", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "ball", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Species ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"dark pink\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"darkpink\"" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["ball", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "which", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "ball", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Species ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"dark green\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"teal\"" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["ball", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), "which", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "ball", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Species ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"light green\"" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"green\"" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["levels", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "as.factor", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "ball", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "$" }), "Species", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"darkblue\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"darkpink\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"green\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"lightblue\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"lightpink\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"orange\"" }), " \n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "[" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "]" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"purple\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"red\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"teal\"" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token string", children: "\"yellow\"" }), " \n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-r", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-R code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["grouped_1 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<-" }), " ball ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" group_by", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Group_name", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" Bucket", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" Distance", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" filter", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Success ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "==" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token percent-operator operator", children: "%>%" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" summarise", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "Count ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " n", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["head", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "grouped_1", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "-" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# A tibble: 6 × 4" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "# Groups: Group_name, Bucket [4]" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: " Group_name Bucket Distance Count\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "chr", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "dbl", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), "int", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " Albert Lukatima ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "10" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " Albert Lukatima ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1.5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), " Albert Lukatima ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "4" }), " Albert Lukatima ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "2.5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "3" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), " BY ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "7" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "6" }), " BY ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "0.5" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "12" }), "\n"] })] }) })] }); } function MDXContent(props = {}) { const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = { ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, { ...props, children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, { ...props }) }) : _createMdxContent(props); } return { default: MDXContent };